»China löst Deutschland als weltweit drittgrößter Waffenexporteur ab.«

KEY FACTS 

- The volume of transfers of major weapons in 2010–14 was 16 per cent higher than in 2005–2009.

- The five biggest exporters in 2010–14 were the USA, Russia, China, Germany and France. Together, they accounted for 74 per cent of the volume of arms exports. Combined, the USA and Russia supplied 58 per cent of all exports.

- China replaced Germany as the third largest arms exporter in 2010–14; in 2005–2009 it ranked ninth.

- Total exports from all EU member states in 2010–14 were 16 per cent lower than in 2005–2009; in 2005–2009 EU export volumes were higher than those for the USA or Russia, while in 2010–14 they were  below US and Russian export totals.

- The five biggest importers in 2010–14 were India, Saudi  Arabia, China, the UAE and Pakistan. Together, they received 33 per cent of all arms imports.

- The main recipient region in 2010–14 was Asia and Oceania (accounting for 48 per cent of imports), followed by the Middle East (22 per cent), Europe (12 per cent), the Americas (10 per cent) and Africa (9 per cent).

- Between 2005–2009 and 2010–14, arms imports by states in Africa increased by 45 per cent, Asia and Oceania by 37 per cent, the Middle East by 25 per cent and the Americas by 7 per cent. Imports by states in Europe decreased by 36 per cent.

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The volume of international transfers of major weapons in 2010–14 was 16 per cent higher than in 2005–2009 (see figure 1). The five biggest exporters in 2010–14 were the United States, Russia, China, Germany and France, and the five biggest importers were India, Saudi Arabia, China, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Pakistan. 

The flow of arms to Africa, the Americas, Asia and Oceania, and the Middle East increased signifi cantly between 2005–2009 and 2010–14, while there was a notable decrease in the fl ow to Europe.

From 16 March 2015 the SIPRI Arms Transfers Database (see box 1) includes newly released information on arms transfers during 2014 and updated information for 1950–2013. This Fact Sheet highlights key trends and issues in arms transfers that are revealed by the new data. It lists the main exporters and importers in 2010–14 and describes the regional trends. Since the volume of deliveries of arms can fluctuate significantly from one year to the next, SIPRI uses a five-year moving average to give a more stable measure of trends in transfers of major weapons. Figures do not always add up to totals because of the conventions of rounding. 

THE EXPORTERS, 2010–14

SIPRI has identifi ed 60 countries as exporters of major weapons in 2010–14. The top 5 exporters during the period—the USA, Russia, China, Germany and France—were responsible for almost 74 per cent of all arms exports (see table 1). The composition of the fi ve largest exporters of arms changed between 2005–2009 and 2010–14: while the USA and Russia remained by far the largest exporters, China narrowly, but notably, replaced Germany as the third largest exporter, and the United Kingdom dropped outside the top 5. The top 5 exported 14 per cent more arms in 2010–14 than the top 5 in 2005–2009. 

The United States

US exports of major weapons increased by 23 per cent between 2005–2009 and 2010–14 (see fi gure 2). More than any other supplier, the USA delivered major weapons to at least 94 recipients in 2010–14, and no single recipient accounted for more than 9 per cent of total US weapon exports. Asia and Oceania was the biggest recipient region of US weapons, accounting for 48 per cent. The Middle East received 32 per cent and Europe 11 per cent. 

Russia

Russian exports of major weapons increased by 37 per cent between 2005–2009 and 2010–14. Russia delivered weapons to 56 states and to rebel forces in eastern Ukraine in 2010–14. In contrast to the USA, Russia’s deliveries were more concentrated: three countries— India, China and Algeria—accounted for almost 60 per cent of total Russian exports. Asia and Oceania received 66 per cent of Russian arms exports in 2010–14, Africa 12 per cent and the Middle East 10 per cent. 

China

Chinese exports of major arms increased by 143 per cent between 2005–2009 and 2010–14, and China’s share of global arms exports increased from 3 to 5 per cent. China became the third largest supplier in 2010–14, slightly ahead of Germany and France. China supplied major arms to 35 states in 2010–14. A signifi cant percentage (just over 68 per cent) of Chinese exports went to three countries: Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar. China also exported major arms to 18 African states. Examples of China’s increasing global presence as an arms supplier in 2010–14 included deals with Venezuela for armoured vehicles and transport and trainer aircraft, with Algeria for three frigates, with Indonesia for the supply of hundreds of anti-ship missiles and with Nigeria for the supply of a number of unmanned combat aerial vehicles (see box 2). 

Germany

Germany’s exports of major weapons decreased by 43 per cent between 2005– 2009 and 2010–14. Germany supplied major arms to 55 states. Other states in Europe received 30 per cent of German arms exports in 2010–14, followed by Asia and Oceania (26 per cent), the Americas (24 per cent) and the Middle East (20 per cent). In 2014 the new German Government announced a more restrictive arms export policy, particularly in response to discussions about arms exports to the Middle East. However, notable orders in 2014 included 33 patrol boats for Saudi Arabia, 4 frigates for Israel, 2 Type-209 submarines for Egypt and 926 armoured personnel carriers (APCs) for Algeria. 

France 

France was the fi fth largest weapons exporter in 2010–14, with exports 27 per cent lower than in 2005–2009. It exported arms to 74 countries in 2010–14: 29 per cent went to states in Asia and Oceania, 21 per cent to Africa, 20 per cent to the Middle East, 16 per cent to other states in Europe and 14 per cent to the Americas. In 2014 France halted the planned delivery of one amphibious assault ship to Russia due to the latter’s involvement in the Ukraine crisis. If the deal had gone ahead, France would have been the third largest arms exporter in 2010–14 ahead of China and Germany. French eff orts to increase arms exports were boosted by a deal negotiated in 2014 and signed in early 2015 with Egypt for the delivery of 24 combat aircraft and 1 frigate.

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Die vollständige Studie finden Sie hier (pdf).